B.Ed. notes-Educational Technology
MODULE IV :Technology
Mediated Learning
Prepared by
SABARISH-P
M.Sc., M.Ed., JRF & NET
Assistant Professor in Physical Science, Arafa Institute for Teacher Education
Attur, Thrissur.
Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Technology Mediated Learning -
Meaning
•
'Technology mediated learning' (TML) is an 'umbrella'
term, incorporating different approaches to using computers in learning and
teaching: computer-aided/assisted learning (CAL), computer-mediated
communication (CMC) etc.
•
Technology-mediated learning refers to a learning
experience that is significantly moderated through the use of information and
communication technology.
•
Advanced information and communication technology is
increasingly viewed as a key resource in enabling Technology-mediated learning
in education.
E-resources
•
E-resources are those resources which include documents
in electronic or e-format that can be accessed via Internet in digital library
environment.
•
E-resources may be delivered on CD-ROM / DVD, over the
Internet and so on.
e-books
•
e-books are
books that are available to be read electronically on a variety of devices,
including traditional computers, iPads, Sony e-readers, iPhones, tabs,
smartphones, and more.
•
Sometimes
e-audiobooks are also considered as e-books.
e-Learning - Meaning
•
e-Learning is the use of technology to enable people to
learn anytime and anywhere.
•
E-Learning is the process of delivering formal and
informal learning and training activities and events through the use of all
electronic media such as Internet, intranet, extranet, CD-ROM, video tape, TV,
cell phones, computer technology, etc.
e-Learning - Definition
•
“E-learning refers to the use of the internet
technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and
performance” - Rosenberg (2001)
•
"E-Learning means the delivery of learning with
the assistance of interactive, electronic technology, whether offline or
online."
Features & Impact of
e-Learning
•
Learning is self-paced and gives students a chance to
speed up or slow down as necessary.
•
Learning is self-directed, allowing students to choose
content and tools appropriate to their differing interests, needs, and skill
levels.
•
Accommodates multiple learning styles using a variety
of delivery methods geared to different learners; more effective for certain
learners.
•
Geographical barriers are eliminated, opening up
broader education options.
•
24/7 accessibility makes scheduling easy and allows a
greater number of people to attend classes.
•
On-demand access means learning can happen precisely
when needed.
•
Travel time and associated costs (parking, fuel,
vehicle maintenance) are reduced or eliminated.
•
Overall student costs are frequently less (tuition,
residence, food, child care).
•
Fosters greater student interaction and collaboration.
•
Fosters greater student/instructor contact.
•
Enhances computer and Internet skills.
e-Learning - Types
•
Off-line Learning
•
On-line Learning
–
Synchronous on-line learning
–
Asynchronous on-line learning
Off-line Learning
•
Off-line : When a computer or other device is not
turned on or connected to other devices, it is said to be ‘off-line’
•
Offline can also mean not being connected to the
Internet.
•
“Off-line learning refers to the use of the
off-line e-resources to deliver a broad
array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance”
•
Offline Learning expands the learning experience to
remote students who are not connected to a network.
Off-line learning -Importance
•
E-learning is possible without internet connection.
•
Individualized learning is possible.
•
Enhance multisensory
and multimedia approach.
•
Learner can learn according to his own learning pace.
•
Learner can access valid information.
•
Increases learning effectiveness.
•
Is more appealing over traditional, lecture-based
teaching methods.
•
Frees the learner from routine tasks.
•
Creates interest in students.
On-line learning
•
Online learning can be defined as an approach to
learning that utilizes Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in
an educational context.
•
This includes technology that supplements traditional
classroom learning with web-based components and learning environments where
the educational process is experienced online.
Synchronous on-line learning
•
Synchronous online learning those that require students
and instructors to be online at the same time.
•
Lectures, discussions, and presentations occur at a
specific hour.
•
All students must be online at that specific hour in
order to participate.
•
Synchronous on-line learning takes place through online
lessons guided by the instructor using video conferencing, Internet radio and
chat where the students login in real-time with the teacher.
Synchronous Online learning
Elements
•
Text Chatting
•
Voice Chatting
•
Video conferencing
•
Web conferencing
•
Internet radio
Features of Synchronous on-line learning
•
Discussions
make learning more effective and interesting.
•
Quick
response
•
Ensures
and supports personal participation
•
Increases
motivation.
Asynchronous on-line learning
•
Asynchronous on-line learning allows the learner to
complete web-based learning at their own pace, without live interaction with
the instructor.
•
Instructors provide materials, lectures, tests, and
assignments that can be accessed at any time.
•
Students may be given a timeframe – usually a one week
window – during which they need to connect at least once or twice with instructors.
Asynchronous Online learning
Elements
•
Virtual Libraries/Repositories of Documents,
Presentations, Graphics, Audio Files, and Video
•
E-Mail
•
Discussion Boards
•
Social Networking
•
e-Portfolios
Features of Asynchronous on-line
learning
•
Receiver
has more time to think and comprehend before responding.
•
Increases
the ability to process information.
•
Supports
cognitive participation.
On-line learning -Importance
•
Enhancing student-to-student and faculty-to-student
communication.
•
Enabling student-centered teaching approaches.
•
Providing 24/7 accessibility to course materials.
•
Providing just-in-time methods to evaluate student
progress.
•
Shy and anxious students feel more comfortable
expressing ideas.
•
Instructors are more accessible
•
Online learning environments permit the instructor to
build one course, yet implement a variety of resources, so students can utilize
materials in whichever way works best for them.
•
Accommodate different learning styles
•
Provide opportunities for exploration (A careful
systematic search)
•
Continual access to materials
•
Remove the necessity of physical attendance
•
Utilize time efficiently
•
Reduce faculty workload
Benefits of online learning
•
Offer Choice and Flexibility
•
Convenient and accountable.
•
More individual attention.
•
Helps to get diverse of resources and meet different
interesting people
•
Lifelong learning.
•
Financial benefits
•
Teaches self-discipline
•
Provides better resource persons
•
Connects to global village
Moodle
•
Moodle is a software package for producing
Internet-based courses and web sites.
•
It is a Course Management System(CMS).
•
Moodle (abbreviation for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) is a free
source e-learning software platform, also known as a Virtual Learning
Environment (VLE).
•
Moodle was originally developed by Martin Dougiamas to help educators create
online courses
•
The design and development of Moodle
is guided by a "social constructionist pedagogy".
•
Constructionism asserts that learning is particularly
effective when constructing something for others to experience.
Features of Moodle
•
Assignment submission
•
Discussion forum
•
Files download
•
Moodle instant messages
•
Online calendar
•
Online news and announcement
•
Online quiz
•
Track progress
Chatting
•
Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over
internet, that offers a real-time direct transmission of text-based messages
from sender to receiver.
•
Through chatting you can share all the stuff in your
mind and videos, photos, files in your PC.
•
It just require you a PC, internet connection and a
chatting software.
•
Online chat may address point-to-point communication as
well as multicast communication.
•
Types of chat – Text Chat, Voice Chat, Video Chat etc.
List of Most Common Chat
Programs
•
Facebook Messenger
•
Fring
•
Google Talk
•
MSN Messenger
•
Paltalk Messenger
•
Skype
•
Windows Live Messenger
•
Yahoo! Instant Messenger
Chatting - Importance
•
provides the opportunity to interact and learn with and
from people from different cultures.
•
Collaborative learning towards knowledge construction.
•
No restrictions regarding location.
•
Can chat and talk with same minded friends online
•
Can take various classes like teaching, cooking, and
many other classes as well through chat.
•
Made world as a small village for the internet users.
•
The chatting engines have made the communication very
simple and affordable for the people.
•
To share and gain information
E-mail
•
What is e-mail?
•
E-mail implies electronic mail.
•
It is a system through which messages can be send
between computers that are linked electronically over a network.
•
The e-mail address will have two parts to it
•
Username
•
Domain name
Essential things for sending
e-mail.
•
Internet connection
•
Address (e-mail account) of the sender.
•
Address (e-mail account) of the receiver.
•
The content of the message.
How to have an e-mail account in
gmail . com/yahoo.com?
•
Open the browser.
•
Click on ‘Create Email Account’ button.
•
An Account creation form will be displayed
•
Enter all information.
•
After filling up all the information, click on ‘Create
My Account’ button.
How to handle incoming e-mails?
•
Open the browser.
•
Go to the site.
•
Click on e-mail button.
•
Enter your e-mail address and password.
•
Click on ‘sign in’ or press ‘enter’ button.
•
Various buttons like compose, send, forward, reply will
be displayed.
•
To see the e-mail, click on ‘inbox’.
•
Mail can be read by double clicking on that mail.
How to handle incoming e-mails?
•
To send an e-mail
–
Click on ‘compose’ button.
–
Enter receiver’s address in ‘To address’ box.
–
Type the message and Click on ‘send’ button.
–
•
To reply
–
Click on ‘reply’ button.
–
Type the message and Click on ‘send’ button.
•
To forward the e-mail
–
Click on ‘forward’ button.
–
Enter receiver’s address in ‘to address’ box and Click
on ‘send' button.
–
Discussion Forum
v Web based application available on internet
for holding discussions.
v It provides asynchronous communication.
v Also known as discussion boards, bulletin
boards, forums etc.
Importance of Discussion Forum
v Faster, cheaper and most effective way for
discussion
v Subject based Forums- Teachers & students
can interact.
v Students Feel more comfort.
v Students get time to reflect & summarise.
v Allow more students and teachers from
different areas to participate in discussion.
v Ensures participation
E-journals
v Electronic version of a journal.
Importance of E-journals
v Easily
accessible than printed copy.
v Multiple access- Same resource can be used at
the same time by a number of users.
v People from all round the world can read it
using internet connectivity.
v Hyper links can be provided.
v Printed journals need large space for storage
where as e-journals can be stored in digital storage devices.
v Less chance for damage.
E-reading
v E-reading is the process of reading textual
data like books, newspapers, magazines etc digitally.
v E-reader is a handheld electronic device designed to
be used for reading e-books and similar digital materials.
Eg: Amazons Kindle, Sony Reader.
(smart phones, tablets etc)
Advantages of E-readers
v Better Readability (in sunlight), auto bright
adjust.
v Long battery life.
v Internet and Wi-Fi connectivity.
v Can use memory cards.
v MP3 support, 3G , colour, touch screen etc.
Advantages of E-reading
v Easily
accessible than printed copies.
v Multiple access- Same resource can be used at
the same time by a number of users.
v People from all round the world can read it
using internet connectivity.
v Hyper links can be provided.
v Large number of resources can be accessed.
Blog
•
A blog (web log) is a discussion or informational site
published on the World Wide Web ‘posts’ typically displayed in reverse
chronological order (the most recent post appears first).
•
A majority of blogs are interactive, allowing visitors
to leave comments and even message.
•
A typical blog combines text, images, videos and link
to other blogs and websites and other media related to its topic.
•
Authoring a blog, maintaining a blog or adding an
article to an existing blog is called blogging.
•
Individual article on the blog are called ‘blog posts’
or ‘posts’ or ‘entries’.
•
A person post these entries is called ‘blogger’
Blog - Types
•
Personal blogs
•
Micro blogs
•
Corporate and organizational blogs
•
By genre
–
political blogs
–
health blogs
–
travel blogs
–
fashion blogs
–
project blogs
–
education blogs
–
classical music blogs
•
Reverse blog (A Reverse Blog is composed by its users
rather than a single blogger)
•
By media type
–
Vblogs
–
Photo blogs
–
Link blogs
–
image blogs
Blog - Importance
•
A blog is a webpage that serve as a publically
accessible journal for an individual.
•
Students can quickly catch-up if they miss a class.
•
The teacher can use the blog as a course plan.
•
Student can use blog as reference area.
•
blogs can be
used to motivate students to do more reading and encourage them to improve
their writing style.
•
Blogs can be used to bring out the diversity in the
class room in terms of learning style.
Top 10 Free Online Blogging
Platforms
Computer Assisted Instruction(CAI)
v CAI, is the use of a computer to provide
instruction.
v Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an
interactive instructional technique whereby a computer is used to present the
instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place.
·
Definition
BHATT
& SHARMA(1992):
“CAI is an interaction between a student, a
computer controlled display and a response entry device for the purpose of
achieving educational outcomes.”
Ø Features
of CAI
*
In CAI there is an interaction between an individual
student and computer.
*
The computer is able to display the instructional
material to the individual student.
*
The student take benefit of the displayed material
and respond to it.
*
These responses decides the future course of
instruction to that learner.
*
The interaction between student and computer helps
to realise the instructional objectives.
*
Instruction
for a number of learners at a time.
*
Automatic
recording of learners performance.
*
Variety
in the use of methods and techniques.
Ø Technologies
of CAI
*
Hardware
*
Software.
Ø Types
of CAI
*
Instruction type
*
Drill and Practice
*
Tutorials
*
Instructional Games
*
Simulation
*
Practical work oriented
*
Problem
Solving
Ø Advantages
of CAI
*
Great motivator
*
Instantaneous
response/immediate feedback to the answers.
*
Self pacing -
allow students to proceed at their own pace
*
Helps teacher
to devote more time to individual students
*
Privacy helps
the shy and slow learner to learns
*
learn more
and more rapidly
*
Individual
attention
*
Multimedia
helps to understand difficult concepts through multi sensory approach
*
Self directed
learning – students can decide when, where, and what to learn
Ø Limitations
of CAI
*
The computer fails to appreciate the emotions of the
student.
*
CAI fails to develop essential features of language
competency
*
It is a sort of mechanical approach to education
*
Expensive and uneconomical in terms of educational
returns
*
Unavailability of educational software.
*
Can't keep set time table schedules, uniform
curricula and examination systems.
*
Over use of multimedia may divert the attention from
the content
*
Lack of
infrastructure
Computer
Managed Instruction (CMI)
v CMI is simply the use of computers in the
management of instruction and educational administration.
v Computer-managed instruction is an
instructional strategy whereby the computer is used to provide learning objectives,
learning resources, record keeping, progress tracking, and assessment of
learner performance.
*
Definitions
Burke(1982):
“CMI is the systematic control of instruction
by computer. It is characterised by testing ,diagnostic learning, prescription
and through record keeping”
Leib(1996):
“CMI includes all applications of the computer
aid to the instruction and in instructional management”
Ø Applications
of CMI
*
Diagnosis of the entry behaviour of learners.
*
Setting of instructional objectives.
*
Generating individualised instructional plan.
*
Generating instructional materials and learning
experiences
*
Availability of instructional material into
curriculum units
*
Monitoring of progress
*
Providing remedial instructions
*
Management of information and record keeping
*
Organization of testing and evaluation programmers
*
Generating all types of reports.
*
Students computer grade book- Used to store students
scores or grades on assignments/tests etc .
*
Eg : Software like Foxpro, Dbase, MS access, MS
Excel.
*
In test Generation- Randomly selecting questions.
*
Test Scoring
Teleconference
•
Definition: Teleconferencing is an aggregation of audio
conferencing, video conferencing, and data conferencing (refers to a
communication session among two or more participants sharing computer data in
real time. ), and includes multiple participants in a live real-time session.
•
Teleconferencing consists of a live real time session
between multiple participants with the ability to hear and see each other as
well as share data and applications.
Teleconferencing - Type
•
Teleconferencing may be classified into three
according to the use of media
–
Audio teleconferencing
–
Video teleconferencing
–
Computer Teleconference
–
Audio graphic teleconferencing
•
Audio Teleconference:
–
Voice-only; sometimes called conference calling.
Interactively links people in remote locations via telephone lines.
•
Video Teleconference:
–
Combines audio and video to provide voice
communications and video images. Can be one-way video/two-way audio, or two-way
video/two-way audio. It can display anything that can be captured by a TV
camera
•
Computer Teleconference:
–
Uses telephone lines to connect two or more computers
and modems. Anything that can be done on a computer can be sent over the lines.
It can be synchronous or asynchronous.
•
Audiographics Teleconference: Uses
narrowband telecommunications channels to transmit visual information such as
graphics, alpha-numerics, documents, and video pictures as an adjunct to voice
communication
Skype
•
Skype is a proprietary (Protected by trademark or
patent or copyright) VoIP (voice over
Internet Protocol) service and software application.
Skype - Features
•
Registered users of Skype are identified by a unique
Skype Name, and may be listed in the Skype directory.
•
Skype allows these registered users to communicate
through both instant messaging and voice chat.
•
Voice chat allows telephone calls between pairs of
users and conference calling
•
Skype's text chat client allows group chats, emoticons,
storing chat history and editing of previous messages.
•
Offline messages were implemented in a beta of version
5, but removed after a few weeks without notification.
•
Skype service allows Skype users to receive calls on
their computers dialed by conventional phone subscribers to a local Skype phone
number.
•
Skype supports conference calls up to 25 people at a
time.
•
Group video calling is available for Premium
subscribers between a maximum of 10 people.
•
Skype has 663 million registered users as of EOY 2010.
Skype - Educational use
•
Skype is being used to facilitate language exchange.
•
Teachers are using Skype in unique ways to fulfill
educational goals.
•
The videoconferencing aspect of the software is
provides a way to connect students who speak different languages and reach out
to experts in varying fields of study.
•
It provides teachers with a way to make their
classrooms more interactive and interesting.
•
teachers and students can meet other students, talk to
experts, and share ideas.
•
Teachers can collaborate with other teachers around the
world and design different learning experiences for their students.
Sunclock
•
Sunclock is a software application that delineates the
countries experiencing day or night at a given time on a world map using light
and shade.
•
Time differences across countries, distances between
regions, and longitudes and latitudes of various places are available on
Sunclock.
•
Sunclock offers geographical information including
positions of the sun and the moon at a given time on a given day.
Features of Sunclock
•
Helps to find
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), Solar times of major cities.
•
Provides
lattitudes, longitudes, sunrise, sunsets etc of important countries.
•
Shows mutual
distances of various locations on Earth.
•
Shows
meridians, parallels, tropics, Arctic circle etc.
•
Evolution of
seasons can be seen through accelerating time.
Shows all times zones in the world
K-Star
•
K-Star is free, open source Astronomy software.
•
It provides an accurate graphical simulation of the
night sky, from any location of the earth, at ant date and time.
•
The display includes up to 100 million stars, 13000
deep sky objects, all 8 planets, the Sun and Moon, and thousand of comets and
asteroids.
•
Helps to explore the Universe.
•
Helps to access information on sky objects.
•
Helps to print high quality, highly customizable star
charts at different zoom level for each object.
Features of K-Star
•
Graphical
simulation of sky with planets, 100 million stars, 10000 deep sky objects,
comets, asteroids etc.
•
Complete
astro photography.
•
Downloadable
catalogs.
•
Online
update options.
•
Observing
list tool to plan observations.
•
Adjustable
simulation speed in order to view phenomena that happen over long time scales.
•
Access
to several internet resources for information, imagery and data.
Role of the Teacher in Computer Mediated Learning
•
As
an instructor and demonstrator
•
Helps
to search for information.
•
Helps
to analyze the learning materials.
•
Helps
in editing the information.
•
Helps
in presentation of information.
•
As a Scaffolder.
•
Provide proper support, guidance and motivation
•
Show the learner the wonderful world of I.T and its
use in education.
•
Help the student to overcome the disadvantages of
I.T
•
Make aware and protect and the student from misuses
of I.T
•
Provides
feedback.
•
Gives
directions for the effective use of I.T
