B.Ed. notes-Educational Technology
Module V: MEDIA SKILLS IN
TEACHING AND LEARNING
Prepared by
SABARISH-P
M.Sc., M.Ed., JRF & NET
Assistant Professor in Physical Science, Arafa Institute for Teacher Education
Attur, Thrissur.
Ø Presentation
software in teaching
• Presentation
software
– A speech or a talk on an
informative topic can be made more effective by supplementing with pictures or
sounds.
– Some software helps you
to combine all these into a single presentation which can be projected on a
screen for a big audience. These are called presentation softwares.
• Presentation
software makes our presentation interesting and effective.
Ø Important
Presentation softwares
–
Microsoft Power Point
–
OpenOffice Impress
Ø
How will you create a presentation using
Microsoft PowerPoint/open office impress?
• Select the topic /content.
• Analyze the topic/ content into meaningful order.
• Sequence the points for each slide.
• Select the required photographs, drawings, etc.
• Select the design template or lay out from the
computer.
• Create the required number of slides.
• Give animation to the text and slides.
• Save the file.
• Conduct slide presentation.
Ø
Creating Slides in Microsoft Power Point
• Options
to create a slide are;
– 1. Blank Presentation.
– 2. From Design Template.
– 3. From Existing Presentation.
Ø OpenOffice
Impress
• OpenOffice
Impress, developed by Sun Microsystems is
an open source presentation program similar to Microsoft PowerPoint.
• Impress is
a truly outstanding tool for creating effective multimedia presentations.
• It
is able to view, edit and save files in several file formats, including the .ppt
format, which is used by Microsoft PowerPoint.
Computer graphics
Graphics
means visual manipulation of image. Computer graphics are graphics
created using computers
and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
with help from specialized software
and hardware.
Typically, the term computer
graphics refers to several different things:
- The representation and manipulation of image
data by a computer
- The various technologies
used to create and manipulate images
- The sub-field of computer science which studies
methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.
- Developments in computer graphics have had a
profound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized animation,
movies
and the video game industry.
- Computer generated imagery can be categorized
into several different types: 2D, 3D, and animated graphics.
- As technology has improved, 3D computer
graphics have become more common, but 2D computer graphics are still
widely used.
Computer graphics may be used
in the following areas:
Computer graphics software
- GIMP
- Corel Draw
- Photoshop
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation
Program) is an image retouching and editing tool and free and open-source software. There are
versions tailored for most operating systems including Microsoft Windows,
Mac OS X
and Linux.
GIMP
has tools used for image retouching and editing, free-form drawing, resizing,
cropping, converting between different image formats, and more specialized
tasks. Animated images such as GIF and MPEG files can be created using an
animation plugin.
The
developers and maintainers of GIMP strive to be a high-end free software
graphics application for the editing and creation of original images, photos,
icons, graphical elements of web pages and art for user interface elements.
Teachers can make use of the Gimp in three main areas:
(Educational Use of GIMP)
1) A free and relatively easy to use tool to edit images
that you may use when building presentations, handouts, worksheets, tests, web
content, or any other digital or print media. Since it runs on all platforms
and is free, you can use it at home as well as at school.
2) A free tool that will work on any platform
(windows, Mac OS, Linux) including older
machines that you can use to teach students concepts of digital photography,
image editing, or as a tool for students to edit images used in their own
reports and presentations.
3) A tool for scientific analysis of digital images taken
for scientific purposes. It is possible to strip out certain color bands,
adjust brightness and contrast, take measurements, and form conclusions based
upon image data.
AUDACITY (audio editor)
·
Audacity is a free digital audio
editor and recording application, available for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and other operating systems. The free and
open nature of Audacity has allowed it to become very popular in education,
encouraging its developers to make the user interface easier for students and
teachers
Audacity's features include the following:
·
Recording and playing back sounds
·
Editing via Cut, Copy and
Paste (with unlimited levels of Undo)
·
Multitrack mixing.
·
A large array of digital effects and plug-ins
·
Precise adjustments to the audio's speed while maintaining pitch (Audacity
calls it changing tempo), in order to synchronize it with
video or run for a predetermined length of time
·
Changes to the audio's pitch without changing the speed
·
Conversion of cassette tapes or records into digital tracks by
automatically splitting the audio source into multiple tracks based on silences
in the source material
·
Support for multiple platforms — Audacity works on Windows, Mac OS X, and Unix-like systems
·
The latest stable version supports Windows 98/ME/2000/XP/Vista/7, but
Windows 95 and NT are not supported.
Kdenlive (KDE Non-Linear Video Editor)
·
Kdenlive is a powerful multi-track video editor, including most recent
video technologies.
·
Software is completely free, as defined by the GNU foundation.
·
Can include audio and video effects to video production. Video & Audio
can be organised in layers.
·
Audio effects include normalization, phase and pitch shifting, limiting,
volume adjustment, reverb and equalization filters amongst others.
·
Video effects include options for masking, blue-screen, distortions,
rotations, colour tools, blurring, obscuring and others.
·
Export to standard formats like Mpeg2, PAL & NTSC
·
Can add pecial effects & transition to videos.
Animation
·
Animation is the process of creating the impression of a motion picture by
continuous and speedy exhibition of two or three dimensional pictures using
special animation software.
·
Animation – Two types:
o 2D Animation
o 3D Animation
Animation Softwares
·
2D Animation Software
o Tupi
o KToon
o Synfig Studio
o Pencil
·
3D Animation Software
o 3d Max Studio
o Maya
o Blender
Storyboards
Storyboards are graphic organizers in
the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of
pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive
media sequence.
What is a storyboard?
The term “storyboard” is taken from
movie production where it indicates a visual representation of the various
scenes of a film. In e-learning, the
storyboard describes screen by screen what will happen in the final e-lesson.
The storyboard is not a final product. It is an intermediate product which is
then used by Web developers to create the final interactive e-lesson.
Tupi 2D Magic
·
Tupi is a design and authoring tool for digital artists interested in 2D
Animation, offering an interface experience focused on 8-100 years old kids.
Tupi - Features
·
Modular and friendly interface
·
Preview animation module
·
Basic tools for vectorial illustration.
·
Time line and Exposure sheet.
·
Animation export option for many video formats (OGV, AVI, MPEG, SWF, PNG).
e-content
·
e-content (Electronic-content) is Digital content that can be transmitted
over a computer network such as the Internet.
·
The e-content could be in the following type:
o Short course / unit / module
o Full courseware
e-content - Authoring
·
E-content authoring means
Development of digital content using special authoring tools.
·
Authoring tool is a software package which
developers use to create digital content.
o Eg: Graphic design software,
Video editing software, Animation software, Programming Language etc.
·
Various tools can be
used to produce e-learning content, depending on the file formats we are going
to use and the final product we aim to deliver.
·
In a simplest level,
slide-based tools, like Microsoft PowerPoint or even word processors, are
regarded as e-learning tools. While those tools are not appropriate to present
interactivity, testing and scoring, they can be sufficient to create simple
learning resources.
·
To develop interactive
content, various elements are assembled (e.g. text, illustrations, animations,
audio, video, interactivity). For this we use special tools – known as
authoring tools or authorware – which have been created specifically to develop
e-learning courses.
·
Generally, authoring
tools can be used by people without programming skills. The main advantage of
authoring tools is that they are easier and faster to use, and they require
short development time.
Capabilities/Features of authoring tools for e-content
development
>> interactivity and
navigation – menu-driven content and ability to move throughout the content;
>> editing – content
publisher for easier changes/updates;
>> visual programming
– use of buttons, icons,;
>> preview/playback –
ability to see or test an ongoing project;
>> cross-platform
interoperability – able to run on all platforms;
>> cross-browser
interoperability – able to run on different browsers;
>> integration – with
leading e-learning applications
>> delivery of
learning content in multiple formats – able to use Web, CD-ROM and Microsoft
Word.
Special features of e-Content Material
·
Technologically Friendly so as to be downloaded and used on any computer
either independently or in a LAN situation.
·
Learner Friendly for easy navigation.
·
Learner Centric to be useful in self-instructional mode.
·
Teacher Friendly so as to be used in various teaching-learning methods such
as classroom lectures, tutoring to a group, lab session etc.
·
Self-evaluation: It should include formative as well as summative
evaluation.
E-content - Significance
·
E-content is valuable to the pupil and also helpful to teachers of all
individual instruction systems.
·
The ultimate aim of the E- content is abolish the disparity among the
learners through effective education.
·
It is enhancing the learner knowledge level which leads to creative
thinking.
Various stages in the development of e-content
Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC)
·
The Consortium for Educational Communication popularly known as CEC is one
of the Inter University Centres set up by the University Grants Commission of
India.
·
It has been established with the goal of addressing the needs of Higher
Education through the use of powerful medium of Television along with the
appropriate use of emerging Information Communication Technology (ICT).
·
Realizing the potential and power of television to act as means of
Educational Knowledge dissemination, UGC started the Countrywide Classroom
Programmes in the year 1984.
·
For production of such programmes Media Centres were set up at 6
Universities.
·
CEC emerged in 1993 as a nodal agency to coordinate, guide & facilitate
such Educational production at the National level.
·
Today 22 Media Centres (Educational Multimedia Research Centres )are
working towards achieving this goal under the umbrella of CEC.
Educational Multimedia Research Centres (EMMRC)
·
The UGC set up Media Centres in various universities and institutions in
the country with the objectives to produce educational programmes for
electronic media.
·
The Centres are engaged in
production of Video & Multimedia based programmes.
·
CEC has perhaps the largest repository of Educational Video programmes
being produced by its Media Centres, numbering more than 17,000.
·
At present about 1000 Video based programmes and almost same number of
e-Contents based on UGC model curriculum is being produced annually by the
Media Centres.
·
These programmes are telecast on VYAS Higher Education Channel.
·
CEC in its media center circuit is having 22 centres across the country
known as EMMRC
EMMRC in India
·
EDUSAT is the first artificial satellite developed for educational needs.
·
It has been become operational by 2005.
·
Its weight is 1950kg .It is manufactured by satellite centre of ISRO,
Bangalore and launched using GSLV from Sreeharikkotta on 20th September 2004.
It has a projected life of 10 years. Estimated expenditure for this project is
90 crores.
·
It can cover the whole geographical
area of India.
·
It has many possibilities like Radio and T.V Transmission, Online
Education, Video Conferencing etc.,
·
It is a powerful communication tool for emulating virtual class room in an
effective manner.
·
It provides in-service training for existing teachers.
EDUSAT & KERALA
·
EDUSAT facilities enabled the students across Kerala to watch lectures
delivered live from the central studio being set up in the state capital.
·
VICTERS (Virtual Class Room Technology of Edusat for Rural Schools) are
implemented in Malappuram and Palakkad districts. (Inaugurated by A.P.J Abdul
Kalam).
·
The virtual class rooms are established in 50 schools in the remote and
backward areas of these districts through ROT (Receive Only Terminal).
·
The facilities are extended to 500 schools in the academic year 2005 –
2006.
·
The satellite lectures and training programmes are extremely useful for
teachers and students alike.
·
The beneficiaries are the children form remote areas.
·
ISRO plans medical education through EDUSAT.
Beneficiaries of Edusat
·
Main beneficiaries are the students from standard I to standard XII.
·
More useful to high school students.
·
It provides training for Directorates, Institutions and teachers coming
under Public Educational Department.
·
It helps to provide awareness programmes by various Government Departments.
·
It helps to conduct contact classes by state open school.
·
It provides coaching for entrance examination.
·
It helps to arrange career counseling
Other Important Points on EDUSAT
·
EDUSAT is mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite -
based distance education system for the country.
·
EDUSAT is specially configured for an audio-visual medium, employing a
digital interactive class room and multimedia- multicentric system.
·
ISRO provides space segment for EDUSAT system.
·
Kerala is a model to other states in making technologies a part of our
education.
·
With the help of EDUSAT, it is expected that there will be a great leap in
the quality education and training with the help of modern technology to the
students and teachers from primary classes to the college level.
·
It will be implemented under the leadership ‘IT @ School project’ and with
the co-operation of ISRO.
ViCTERS (Virtual ClassroomTechnology on
Edusat for Rural Schools)
·
India's first broadband network on EDUSAT for schools - inaugurated by H.E.
A P J Abdul Kalam the President of India on 28th July, 2005 in
Thiruvananthapuram .
·
The scheme which is being executed by IT@School Project of Government of
Kerala, is mainly intended to meet the demand for an Interactive Satellite
based Distance Education system for the country.
·
It strongly reflects India's commitment to use space technology for national
development, especially for the development of the population in remote and
rural locations.
·
ViCTERS offers interactive virtual classrooms that enable the school
students as well as the teachers to directly communicate with the subject
experts and educationists.
·
It also ensures the dissemination of
high quality education to the students and teachers from the original source.
ViCTERS has two modes of operation –
·
Interactive mode
•
Interactive mode of
ViCTERS is used for video conferencing and other such educational training
purposes.
·
Non interactive mode.
The non interactive mode of ViCTERS is the complete
educational channel, first of its kind in the country, which was officially
inaugurated by Hon. Chief Minister of Kerala Shri. V.S Achuthananthan on 3rd
August 2006. The channel which is telecast for 17 hours a day from 6 AM to 11
PM
GYANDHARSHAN
·
Established on January 26, 2000.
·
Co-operative venture with IGNOU.
·
Programs for primary, secondary, higher, open, distance, technical ,
vocational and adult education.
·
These programmes are contributed by major educational institutions including
IGNOU, UGC/CEC, NCERT/CIET, Directorate of Adult Education, IITs, and other
educational/developmental organisations.
·
The time slots are convenient and the programmes are prepared with the
help of experts in the field and experienced production teams.
·
Programmes from abroad are also broadcast to offer the viewer a window to
the world.
·
Consists of 6 channels
SAPNET (Society for Andhra Pradhesh Network)
·
Have 5 T.V. channels under the name MANA TV (Educational channels)
·
One Data channel
·
Joint venture of Department of ICT, University of Goa and Govt of Andhra.
·
The primary purpose of the channels is to provide Distance Learning,
Agriculture Extension, Rural
development, Telemedicine and E-governance.
Best wishes!
