EDU. 106.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
MODULE II- Institutional management
Prepared by
SABARISH-P
M.Sc., M.Ed., JRF & NET
Assistant Professor in Physical Science, Arafa Institute for Teacher Education
Attur, Thrissur.
Ø Institutional
Planning – Meaning
•
The
plans initiated, formulated and implemented by individual educational
institution
•
It is a part
of educational planning.
•
Confined
to a particular institution
•
A plan which
is prepared by the institution on the basis of its felt need for its own development
and improvement.
–Based on felt need of an institution.
–Considering the available resources.
–Based on the principle optimum utilization of available resources.
Ø Definition
of Institutional Planning
•
A programme prepared by an educational
institution on the basis of its felt needs and the resources available or
likely to be available with a view to improving the school programme and school
practices. - Prof. M.B. Buch
Ø Objectives
of Institutional Planning
•
Optimum
utilisation of existing resources in the school.
•
Imparting
realism and concreteness to educational planning.
•
Improvement
of instruction.
•
Improvement
of equipments and facilities in school.
•
Utilise
the resources and goodwill of the community to improve and develop the school.
•
Provide
an opportunity to the local community, school staff and students to join hands
in the development of the school.
•
For
effective organisation of co-curricular and extracurricular programmes to make
the school a community centre.
Ø Scope
of Institutional Planning
•
Improvement
of the school plant.
•
Improvement
in the administration.
•
Improvement
of the instruction.
•
Organisation
of curricular & Extra- curricular activities for pupils.
•
Organising
community programmes in the school.
Ø Areas
of institutional planning
•
Planning of academic activities.
•
Planning of co-curricular activities.
•
Planning of school infrastructure.
•
Planning of administrative matters.
•
Planning of teaching-learning materials.
•
Planning of discipline.
•
Planning of professional growth of teachers.
•
Planning school and community relations.
Ø Characteristics
of Institutional Planning
•
Need
based
•
Goal
oriented
•
Specific
plan for an institution
•
Co-operative
affair of the community, management, school staff and students
•
Democratic
outlook
•
Optimum
utilization of resources
•
Collaboration
with the community
•
Motivating
•
Flexible
•
Future
oriented
•
Eliminates
wastage of resources.
•
Helps
in school development and improvement.
•
It
forms the basis of higher level plan.
Ø Need
and Importance of Institutional Planning
•
Proper direction to educational planning-bottom to top
•
Maximum utilization of resources
•
Overall improvement of institution
•
Encourages initiative of individual teacher
•
Provides team work practice
•
Democratic approach to planning
•
Reduce wastage
•
Planning both curricular and co-curricular activities
of an institution.
Ø Steps
in institutional planning
1. Analysis
of the existing condition
2. Planning
for improvement of existing condition
3. Implementation
of the plan
4. Evaluation
and feedback.
Ø Merits
of institutional planning
•
Helps
in achieving educational objectives
•
Helps
in achieving institutional objectives
•
Reduces
future uncertainties
•
Best
possible use of available resources
•
Facilitates
control
•
Encourages
creativity
•
Effective
co-ordination
•
Facilitates
decision making
•
Improves
the infrastructure
•
Improves
standard of institution
•
Helps
to plan good curricular and co-curricular activities
•
Improves
relation with members of organization
Ø SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (SMC)
•
The RTE Act (2009) emphasizes the involvement
of communities in school governance through SMCs to ensure school quality with equity.
•
SMC is formed to Plan, monitor and
implement schemes as per the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education
(RTE) Act of 2009.
•
SMC has a very crucial role in actualizing
the goals of RTE.
Ø
COMPOSITION
OF SMC
SMC’s
shall be constituted in every govt. and aided school and reconstituted every
two years.
• SMC includes
Parents
from all sections of the society
Elected
members of the local authority
Teachers
from the school
Local
educationists
Children
in the school
50%
of the members shall be women.
Ø
FUNCTIONS
OF SMC
•
Monitor
the working of the school.
•
Prepare
and recommend School Development Plan (SDP).
•
Monitor
the utilization of the grants received from the government or other local
sources.
•
Supervision/monitoring
of finance, management, academic progress, distribution of entitlements & other
functions.
Ø School Development Plan (SDP).
•
As per Section 22 of RTE Act
2009, SMC want to prepare and share a School Development Plan (S.D.P) with
Government.
•
Aim is to ensure the quality
education in terms of both holistic development and academic achievement.
•
The School Development Plan
shall be a three year plan comprising three annual sub plans
School Development Plan (SDP)
includes the following
•
Estimates
of class-wise enrolment for each year;
•
Details
of existing infrastructure
•
Master
plan for the school
•
Teacher
requirements
•
Physical
requirement of the school
•
Financial
requirement over the three year period
Ø Staff council
• The
staff council will consist of the headmaster and representatives of teachers.
• For
staff council there will be a staff secretary selected among the teachers.
• It
will help the headmaster to deal with the problems faced by the school, such as
indiscipline, misbehavior and disobedience.
Ø
Functions
of staff council
• To discuss problems of discipline and advise
the headmaster on how to solve these.
• To advise the headmaster regarding actions to
be taken against pupils for misbehavior.
• To provide information regarding problems
relating to working conditions and advise the headmaster in that respect.
• To advise the management on step to be taken
for the development of the school.
• To assess the academic work periodically.
• To plan important festivals and celebrations
and other co-curricular activities.
• To support the teacher whenever he experiences
problems and difficulties.
•
Smooth management of the school
•
Tackling disciplinary problems
•
To support the Head Master
•
To inform the management about the
requirements
•
Planning school activities
Ø
Conduction
of staff meeting
• The staff secretary should keep the records of
staff meeting.
• The staff secretary should prepare agenda of
the staff meeting and it should circulate well in advance.
• The headmaster should provide dynamic
leadership to the colleagues.
• He should give complete freedom to express
their views.
• Staff meeting should not be too long.
• Unhealthy criticisms should be chocked.
• Staff meeting should not be too frequent; the
best appears to be once in a month.
• Democratic attitude should prevail in the
meeting
–Distribution of work load of
teachers
–Organization of Co-curricular
activities
–Celebration of functions
–School time-table
–Day-to-day issues
–Evaluation of curricular and co-curricular
activities
Ø Student Council
• Union of democratically elected members of
students
• Student’s
council can help teachers and school administrators in conducting literary
activities, cultural functions, and sports.
• By
actively participating in the activities of student’s council, students will
get training to be a democratic
citizen of the country
Aims / Purposes of student council
•
To share Teachers burden
•
Cultivate leadership qualities
•
Inculcation of Civic sense,
•
Development of Democratic values.
•
Personality development of students.
•
Makes students actively participate in
curricular & co-curricular activities.
Ø Time Table
•
Time table is the detailed plan showing the
schedule of time allotment to various subjects and academic activities.
•
Usually timetable is prepared for a week,
to be repeated.
•
All the work is carried out systematically
in tune with the timetable.
•
The successful working of the school
depends on a suitable timetable.
Ø
Need
& importance of Time Table
•
Proper
Management: Timetable is necessary for the proper management of the affairs of
a school.
•
Arrangement of
leisure works: The timetable will help the headmaster in carrying out the work of
the school effectively. Headmaster will be able to arrange extra work for
teachers if required.
•
Carry work
effectively : Through this we can know the work of every class and every teacher
•
Ensure orderly
work: Timetable ensures orderly work. It assign proper persons for
particular classes during appropriate periods in a proper manner.
•
Save time &
energy : It save the time and energy of teachers and pupils by preventing
duplication and overlapping. It ensures right allocation of time for different
subjects and activities, by giving proper weightage according to needs
•
Distribution of
work: It ensures proper distribution of work among teachers.
It
makes the work load of teachers balanced and equitable.
•
Maintain
discipline: It inculcates habit of orderliness, steadiness, regularity and
alertness among the teachers and pupils. It helps to maintain discipline and
order.
Ø
Types of timetable
•
Class timetable
•
Teacher’s timetable
•
Master timetable
•
Teacher’s vacant period time table
•
Activities time table (time table for each
school activity)
•
Room timetable showing the work, the class
and the teacher in relation to each room.
•
Co-curricular activities time table
•
Home work time table.
Ø
Timetable
construction
•
The first thing is to be decided in the framing of a
time table is to determine the number of working days in a week and duration of
school hours.
•
All these are determined by Department of Education and
also prescribe number of periods for each subject.
•
Timetable also depends on the type of school. Timetable
in a basic school, or in a double shift school will be different from that in
ordinary school.
Ø
Principles
of Timetable construction
1)
Principle
of fatigue
•
Each pupil has a warming-up stage ,
full-working stage and a falling-off stage, every day.
•
During first period happens warming-up, the
second and third period full-working stage, the fourth period is falling-off
period.
•
In the same manner, first period of the afternoon
is happens warming-up, second period is full working-stage, and third period
happens falling-off.
•
The best period for fatigue
creating subject (subject like Mathematics and English) are the second and
third periods in the morning and second period in the afternoon.
•
Mother tongue and other subjects do not
cause much fatigue, the first and fourth periods in the forenoon and the fourth
and third period in the afternoon can set for these.
2)
Principle
of variety
•
Student will feel bored and dull if they
are taught the same subject for a number of periods continuously.
•
It is better not to have the same subject
for two consecutive periods.
•
There should be a alternation of mental and
physical tasks also.
3)
Principle of justice
•
Work
among the members of the staff should be equally distributed.
•
Unequal
distribution of work may cause frustration.
•
Leisure
periods should be judiciously distributed.
•
No
teacher should be asked to teach a subject for which he is not qualified.
4)
Principle of rest and recreation
•
Rest and
recreation are essential for children. Hence provision should be made for that.
Proper intervals are to be ensured in timetable.
5)
Principle of flexibility
•
The
timetable should be flexible, and not rigid.
•
It
should be a faithful servant and not a tyrant master.
Ø Total Quality Management (TQM)
•
Integrative philosophy of management for continuously
improving the quality of products and process.
•
Total
Quality Management / TQM is an integrative philosophy of management for
continuously improving the quality of education and educational processes.
•
Total
Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive and structured approach to
organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of education and
services through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback.
•
TQM
requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization or may be
in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization
for Standardization's ISO 9000 series.
•
TQM can
be applied to any type of organization;
•
In order
to achieve excellence, six basic concepts of TQM are as follows:
1. Top management should be aware of current situation and needs to
be committed towards TQM
implementation.
2. Focus society’s requirements and product/service expectations.
3. Involve employees in understanding the quality aspects and make
them accountable
4. Continuous improvement in the process is required
5. Treat parents as your partners
6. Develop tracking
mechanism for processes and improve it as per educational requirements
Ø Scope of TQM
•
Create
awareness for the need and opportunity for improvement.
•
Set
explicit goals for improvement,
•
To provide
appropriate training,
•
To create
an organizational structure,
•
To identify
and report progress,
•
SWOT
analysis,
•
Quality
audit.
Ø
SWOT analysis
•
SWOT analysis (or SWOT Matrix) is a
structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. (here
Educational institutions)
•
SWOT analysis can be carried out for a
product, place, industry or person.
•
It involves specifying the objective of the
educational venture or project and identifying the internal and external
factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective.
•
Setting the objective should be done after
the SWOT analysis has been performed. This would allow achievable goals or
objectives to be set for the organization.
Strengths:
characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others
Weaknesses:
are characteristics that place the team at a disadvantage relative to others
Opportunities:
elements that the project could exploit to its advantage
Threats: elements in the environment
that could cause trouble for the business or project
Ø Quality
Audit
•
Periodic, independent, and documented
examination and verification of activities, records, processes, and other
elements of a quality system to determine their conformity with the
requirements of a quality standard. (Example ISO 9000).
Any failure in their proper implementation may
be published publicly and may lead to a revocation of quality certification. 