Calicut University Second Semester B.Ed. Previous Question Papers -December 2014
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Tuesday, 22 December 2015
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EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT MODULE IV- Managing physical and health education practices in school
EDU.
106. EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
MODULE IV- Managing
physical and health education practices in school
Prepared by
SABARISH-P
M.Sc., M.Ed., JRF & NET
Assistant Professor in Physical Science, Arafa Institute for Teacher Education
Attur, Thrissur.
Ø Aims & Objectives or Importance
of Physical and health education in schools
(Develop & write according to marks)
·
For all-round development
·
Development of Physical fitness
·
Promote social skills &
values
·
Promote health
·
For self discipline
·
Organic development (To
develop the organic systems of the body)
·
Neuro-muscular development
·
Emotional development
·
It builds self esteem.
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
1.
It’s a link to good health.
The
value of physical fitness can never be overstated. It’s only in physical
educational classrooms that students learn the value of taking care of
themselves through proper grooming, healthy eating and regular exercise.
2. It’s a preventive measure against
disease.
Many doctors today agree that obesity is a
serious health risk. Without any form of diet management and control with the
numerous processed food students intake everyday compounded by a sedentary
lifestyle, a student’s health can easily be at risk to many diseases like
chronic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes. Physical education in school
is a preventive measure to teach students the value of regular exercise.
3. It’s a program for muscle strength and
fitness.
Physical education develops the students’
motor skills and hand-eye coordination. It also develops the upper body muscles
through activities like doing push ups as well the lower body muscles through
stationary jumping jacks, 3min running and jumping exercises.
4. It promotes academic learning.
Physical health allows students to function
even better in classrooms. A good cardiovascular system developed from regular
exercise promotes excellent blood and oxygen circulation. This means more
nutrients circulate throughout the body which includes the brain. This
circulation produces longer attention span during classes allowing longer
concentration and absorption.
This notes prepared by
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5. It builds self esteem.
Students who are active in physical
activities like basketball, volleyball, martial arts and running just to name a
few are more confident with themselves according to most social school studies.
It’s probably because of the self discipline and dedication to excel in a sport
that brings out the best in students. In school, the physical education program
introduces these sport activities to students allowing them to make choices to
which sport areas they want to get involved in.
6. It develops cooperation, teamwork and
sportsmanship skill.
Most physical education programs are holistic.
The program allows student to interact together to a common goal and that is to
win and excel physically. It brings out the competitive sides of students
working both body and mind but also promotes sportsmanship.
7. It promotes a physically active lifestyle.
The purpose of physical education is to
instill in students, at an early age, the value of self preservation and
choosing a lifestyle that is good for both the mind and body.
Ø WHO definition of Health
·
Health
is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.
Ø Definition of Physical Fitness
·
“The ability to carry out daily tasks (work
and Play) with vigour and alertness, without undue fatigue and with ample
energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies” –
(Clarke 1976)
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Ø Definition of Wellness
·
Wellness is an active process of becoming
aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life.
"...a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." - The
World Health Organization
Ø Health Education
·
Health is a state of complete
Physical, mental & social well being and not merely the absence of diseases
·
Education for health is health
education
Ø 3 Aspects of health education
programmers
1. Health instruction: About body parts, Health science, Methods to prevent Diseases.
2. Health services: Locate illness, Provide Medical care.
3. Health supervision: To provide Healthy Environment in schools.
Ø Physical Fitness
·
Physical
Fitness : Ability to carry out daily Life Activities without
fatigue
Ø Types of Physical fitness
1)
HRPF (Health Related
Physical Fitness)
·
Capacity to live a full &
efficient life that one is capable of.
2)
SRPF (Skill Related
Physical Fitness)
·
Capacity to perform effectively
in sports, games & motor skills (components are speed, ability &
co-ordination)
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
3)
CF (Cosmetic Fitness)
·
Capacity to built beautiful
body (without giving more importance to other components of physical fitness)
Ø Components of Physical Fitness
·
Strength
·
Agility (is the ability to
change the body's position efficiently)
·
Endurance. (Muscular, Cardio
& Respiratory)
·
Flexibility
·
Speed
·
Power
·
Co-ordination
Ø Activities
to develop child’s Fitness/Balance in schools
·
Walking, Running, Stretching, Weight
training, Various
Exercises,Yoga.
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Ø Benefits
of Fitness or Exercise
·
Increased life expectancy. (how
long a person or organism may live)
·
Decrease risk of heart attack, stroke
& certain types of hypo kinetic diseases.
·
Improved body function
·
Mental freshness
·
Beautiful body structure
·
Decreased body fat
Ø Hypo-kinetic diseases
·
Hypo kinetic diseases are conditions that
occur from a sedentary lifestyle.
·
"Hypo" means less and
"kinetic" means movement. So Hypo kinetic diseases are caused due to
lack of physical activity.
·
Hypo kinetic diseases are conditions that
are related to low levels of habitual activity. They are usually brought on by
lack of exercise. Examples of these types of diseases are obesity, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, dyslipedimia
and diabetes.
1)
Obesity
Excess body weight,
generally 20% more than the ideal body weight
Cause
•Due
to the Excessive accumulation of Fat /over eating / Life style
•Lack
of appropriate physical activity
Effect
•Difficulty
to move around
•Increased
risk of other diseases like heart attack, stroke, hypertension, etc
2) Diabetes
•Related
with glucose & Insulin
•Manageable
but not curable
•Glucose
is not absorbed to blood, unabsorbed glucose affect body totally
Cause
•Life
style, Overeating, Pancreas problem
•Lack
of physical Activity /exercise
Effect
•Kidney
Failure , Blindness, Heart diseases etc
Symptoms
of Diabetes
•Excessive
thirst
•Frequent
urination
•Increased
hunger
•Unexplained
weight loss
•Change
in vision
•Tingling
or numbness in hands or feet
•Feeling
tired most of the time
•Dry
skin
•Non/delayed
healing of wounds
3) Dyslipedimia
•Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of
lipids (e.g. cholesterol, fat) in the blood.
•Consequence of abnormal Lipoprotein metabolism
Causes
•Diabetes
•Hypothyroidism
•Liver disease.
•Cigarette smoking
Effect
•Premature heart disease
4) HyperTension
•Abnormally high
blood pressure
•Manageable but
not curable.
•High blood
pressure, Silent killer.
•Pressure more
than 90/140
This notes prepared by
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Cause
•Age, cholesterol, Diabetes.
•Lack of Physical Activity
Effect
•Heart Failure, Stroke,
•Kidney failure etc.
5) Osteoporosis
•Bones become
Fragile & Easily breaking.
Cause
•Genetic factor, Body size, Lack of appropriate exercise.
•Lack of Calcium & Vitamin D
Effect
•Frequent bone fracture.
•Spine become curved.
•affected to Lung functioning.
6) Coronary Heart Diseases
•Disease of
the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis
This notes prepared by
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7) Atherosclerosis
•Fat deposits develop,
restricting blood flow through the artery
•Atheroma means
fatty deposits.
Reasons
•Smoking
•Inactivity
•Obesity
and Overweight
•High
Blood Pressure
•Raised
Blood Cholesterol
•Diabetes
•Family
History of Coronary Heart Disease
•Excessive
Alcohol Intake
Effects
•Heart
failure
•Cardiac
arrest
•Stroke
Ø
Heart
failure signs and symptoms.
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) when you exert yourself or when you lie
down.
Fatigue and weakness.
Swelling (edema) in your legs, ankles and feet.
Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Chest pain
Reduced ability to exercise.
Persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink blood-tinged phlegm
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Ø Preventive
Measures (For all of these hypo kinetic
diseases)
•Change in life
style
•Diet control.
•Regular
Exercise.
•Rest & Recreation.
•Proper
Treatment.
Ø Posture
& Postural Defects
•Posture is the
correct alignment of body segments.
•Posture is
defined as the way you hold your body when you are standing, sitting or lying
down, whether characteristic or assumed for a special purpose. Good posture
allows your body to function properly, while bad posture can cause pain and
spinal irregularities.
•Postural defect
is defect in body alignment.
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
IMPORTANCE OF
GOOD POSTURE
•
Portrays a better, more confident image
•
Breathing becomes easier and deeper
•
Improves circulation and digestion
•
Help your muscles and joints
•
Healthy spine
•
Makes you look smarter and younger
•
Sign of good personality
Effects of
bad posture
•
Misalignment
•
Joint Stress
•
Growth issues
•
Osteoarthritis
•
Improper digestion
•
Increased stress levels
•
Intensifies depression
Ø
CAUSES OF
POSTURAL DEFECTS
•Congenial –by birth or heredity.
•Acquired –by accident , disease,
habit, improper diet, over load, improper exercise, obesity.
Ø Postural
Defects
•Bad posture /
postural defect decrease the total beauty of the body & makes discomforts
in daily life.
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Eg:-
1. Kyphosis-Bending back ward.
2. Lordosis-Bending forward.
3. Scoliosis-Bending sideways.
4. Flat foot- a condition in which the
foot has an arch that is lower than usual.
Types of bad
posture
1) KYPHOSIS
•
Excessive outward curvature of the spine,
causing hunching of the back.
•
Kyphosis may be congenital due to developmental abnormalities;
•
May occur
in adolescence from asymmetric spine growth or, albeit rarely, from infection.
•
Kyphosis often accompanies scoliosis.
2) SCOLIOSIS
•
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
•
Scoliosis may be congenital and may require
early surgical intervention. In older children, the cause of scoliosis may
never be diagnosed.
•
Scoliosis is never normal, but mild scoliosis
may be harmless. Progressive or increasing scoliosis may require treatment.
3) LORDOSIS
Loss
of curvature at the lower spine resulting in increased prominence of the
buttocks (also known as flat back or swayback)
This notes prepared by
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Lordosis
may be congenital, secondary to hip deformity, occur after trauma or be
compensatory (developed) to compensate for excessive kyphosis.
Ø FIRST AID
•First aid is the initial care of the
injured or sick. It is the care administered by a concerned person as soon as
possible after an accident or illness. It is this prompt care and attention
that sometimes means the difference between life and death, or between a full
or partial recovery.
THE AIMS OF FIRST AID
This notes prepared by
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Preserve
the victim’s life
Prevent
complications or keep the condition from worsening.
Promoted
recovery.
Assure
the victim by comforting him/her and relieving pain
·
Principles of First Aid
Taking
immediate and wise action is the essential principle in first aid.
1.Do
first thing first -quick without panic.
2.Proper
diagnosis.
3.Proper
first aid .
4.Basic
life support. (Breathing, compression, stop bleeding).
5.Speedy
transport.
6.Earliest
medical care.
(Diagnosis, Treatment and transport are the
three basic strategies of First Aid)
The
main aims and principles of first aid are to:
1)
Preserve life – This includes the life of the casualty, bystander and
rescuer.
2)
Protect the casualty from further harm – Ensure the scene is safe.
3)
Provide pain relief – This could include the use of ice packs or simply
applying a sling.
4)
Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse – Ensure the treatment
you provide does not make the condition worse.
5)
Provide reassurance.
6)
Promote recovery
Ø
Balanced Diet
•Food or Diet
which contains appropriate proportions of
•Carbohydrates,
•Proteins,
•Fats,
•Vitamins
& Minerals
This notes prepared by
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Ø Nutrition
•Balanced diet intake or adequate
food intake
Ø Malnutrition
•The
inadequate diet intake, due to lack of food or lack of balanced diet.
Ø Deficiency
Diseases
•Diseases caused due to the deficiency
of vitamins & nutrients.
Examples
•Anemia
•Night Blindness,
•Scurvy,
•Beriberi.
Deficiency diseases
Disease & key
nutrient involved
|
Symptoms
|
Foods rich in key
nutrient
|
Xerophthalmia
(vitamin A) |
Blindness from chronic eye
infections, poor growth, dryness and keratinization of epithelial tissues
|
Liver, fortified milk,
sweet potatoes, spinach, greens, carrots, cantaloupe, apricots
|
Rickets
(vitamin D) |
Weakened bones, bowed
legs, other bone deformities
|
Fortified milk, fish oils,
sun exposure
|
Beriberi
(thiamin) |
Nerve degeneration,
altered muscle
coordination, cardiovascular problems |
Pork, whole and enriched
grains, dried beans, sunflower seeds
|
Pellegra
(niacin) |
Diarrhea, skin
inflammation, dementia
|
Mushrooms, bran, tuna,
chicken, beef, peanuts, whole and enriched grains
|
Scurvy
(vitamin C) |
Delayed wound healing,
internal bleeding, abnormal formation of bones and teeth
|
Citrus fruits,
strawberries, broccoli
|
Anaemia
(iron deficiency) |
Decreased work output,
reduced growth,
increased health risk in pregnancy |
Meat, spinach, seafood,
broccoli, peas, bran, whole-grain and enriched breads
|
Goitre
(iodine) |
Enlarged thyroid gland,
poor growth in infancy and childhood, possible mental retardation, cretinism
|
Iodized salt, saltwater
fish
|
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Ø
Balanced Diet
•A balanced diet needs to contain foods from all the main food groups in
the correct proportions to provide the body with optimum nutrition. It should
also be made up of the correct number of calories to maintain a healthy weight,
and be low in processed foods. •Every person is different and hence the correct
diet for health may vary from person to person, however by following a diet
that is varied, covers all foods groups and is low in undesirable nutrients
such as sodium, saturated fats and sugar, you are well on your way to a healthy
body.
•Eating a balanced diet means choosing a wide variety of foods and drinks
from all the food groups. The goal is to take in nutrients you need for health
at the recommended levels
The essential parts of a balanced diet include:
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Grains
• Proteins
• Dairy
products
§ Foods
rich in oil should be used sparingly
Ø
Merits of Yoga
•
Yoga brings fitness to mind, body & spirit.
•
Helps to keep body young & healthy.
•
Creates self discipline.
•
Gaining mastery over mind.
•
Makes body more flexible and joints Viable.
•
Increases blood circulation.
•
Reduces body fat.
•
Improves self confidence.
•
Helps to reduce tension, stress, anxiety &
Depression
•
Helps to unify body & mind.
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Ø
MODEL
& PREVIOUS QUESTIONS
1 Mark
1.Explain any two postural deformity
2.What are the major symptoms
of diabetics
2 Marks
1.What are nutritional needs
(Oct 2009)
2.Explain any two postural
deformity (Aug 2008) (Aug 2007)
3.Define physical fitness (Aug
2008)
4.What are the major symptoms
of diabetes (Aug 2008)
5.Mention any two symptoms of
cardiac failure (Aug 2008)
6.Mention any two benefits of
weight training (Aug 2007)
7.Distinguish LDL & HDL
cholesterol (Aug 2007)
8.Distinguish between physical
education & health education (May 2006)
9.What are the educational values
of conducting sports & games in school (Mar 2005)
10.What are the importance of
sports & games in schools (Mar 2001)
This notes prepared by
SABARISH.P, Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
4 Marks
1.Mention different aims &
objectives of physical education (Oct 2009)
2.Explain hyper tension &
its causes (Aug 2008)
3.Define physical fitness.
Explain the major components involved in it (Aug 2008)
4.What do you mean by fracture?
What are the major types &their symptoms ?
(Aug 2007)
5.Explain diabetes with its
causes & symptoms (Aug 2007)
6. Define physical fitness.
Explain the major components involved in it
10 Marks
1.Explain the aims and
objectives of physical education. (May 2006)
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